Mind, Self, and Society — Module Assessment

Question 1

Which set correctly lists the five dimensions of the Big Five (OCEAN) model?

Accepted Answer

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Answer

Optimism, Creativity, Empathy, Ambition, Nervousness

Answer

Openness, Confidence, Emotionality, Aggression, Nurturance

Answer

Order, Curiosity, Energy, Anxiety, Adaptability

Question 2

A normally calm person feels intensely anxious right before a job interview. This is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A temporary state, distinct from their enduring trait level

Answer

Proof that their personality has permanently changed

Answer

Evidence that trait theory is invalid

Answer

A discrete personality type being revealed

Question 3

In Piaget's theory, an infant who understands that a toy hidden under a blanket still exists has developed:

Accepted Answer

Object permanence

Answer

Conservation

Answer

Formal operational reasoning

Answer

Identity

Question 4

What is the most accurate way to describe the ages Piaget assigned to his cognitive stages?

Accepted Answer

Approximate averages, since children vary and later research revised them

Answer

Exact deadlines every child must meet on schedule

Answer

Fixed limits proven to be universal across all cultures

Answer

Arbitrary numbers with no relationship to real development

Question 5

In Loftus and Palmer's (1974) study, participants who were asked how fast the cars were going when they "smashed" into each other, compared with those asked about cars that "hit," tended to:

Accepted Answer

Give higher speed estimates and more often report seeing broken glass that was not in the film

Answer

Give lower speed estimates and deny seeing any glass

Answer

Give identical estimates, showing wording had no effect

Answer

Refuse to estimate speed because the films were unclear

Question 6

Which statement best captures why memory can be confidently wrong?

Accepted Answer

Because each recall reconstructs the event from fragments and inference, and the result feels as vivid as a genuine memory

Answer

Because retrieval replays a stored recording that occasionally skips

Answer

Because only unusual or traumatic events are ever misremembered

Answer

Because confidence and accuracy are the same underlying signal

Question 7

According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory, an emotion results from:

Accepted Answer

Physiological arousal combined with a cognitive label drawn from the situation

Answer

A bodily response alone, which the emotion simply reflects

Answer

A felt emotion and bodily response occurring in parallel but independently

Answer

A stimulus directly triggering a fixed, hardwired feeling

Question 8

In self-determination theory, which set of basic psychological needs best supports durable intrinsic motivation?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy, competence, and relatedness

Answer

Reward, punishment, and surveillance

Answer

Wealth, status, and recognition

Answer

Arousal, appraisal, and action tendency

Question 9

In Tajfel's minimal group experiments, what was most surprising about the participants' behaviour?

Accepted Answer

They favoured their own group even though the groups were formed on trivial, arbitrary grounds with nothing at stake

Answer

They consistently punished their own group to appear fair

Answer

They refused to allocate any points once they learned the groups were meaningless

Answer

They only showed bias after being told the other group had insulted them

Question 10

According to Sherif's Robbers Cave research, what most effectively reduced hostility between the two groups?

Accepted Answer

Setting superordinate goals that neither group could achieve alone

Answer

Separating the groups completely so they never interacted

Answer

Giving each group a lecture about tolerance and fairness

Answer

Rewarding whichever group behaved most peacefully

Question 11

What did Harry Harlow's rhesus monkey studies most directly demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

That infants sought comfort from a soft cloth figure over a wire one that provided milk, showing contact comfort mattered beyond feeding

Answer

That infants form no attachment unless the caregiver provides food

Answer

That monkeys raised in isolation developed normally

Answer

That attachment styles are entirely genetic

Question 12

In attachment theory, what does it mean for a caregiver to serve as a 'secure base'?

Accepted Answer

The caregiver is a trusted source of comfort from which the child can confidently explore and to which it can return

Answer

The caregiver keeps the child physically close at all times to prevent exploration

Answer

The caregiver provides food on a strict schedule regardless of distress

Answer

The caregiver ensures the child never experiences any separation

Question 13

Which statement best captures the mental health continuum?

Accepted Answer

Everyone moves along a range from flourishing to struggling over time.

Answer

People are permanently either mentally healthy or mentally ill.

Answer

Only diagnosed individuals have any mental health at all.

Answer

Mental health never changes once adulthood is reached.

Question 14

The biopsychosocial model, proposed by George Engel in 1977, explains mental health as arising from which combination of factors?

Accepted Answer

Biological, psychological, and social factors interacting.

Answer

Purely biological and genetic causes.

Answer

Willpower and personal effort alone.

Answer

Random chance unrelated to a person's life.