MegaMaester

Critical Thinking · Module 2

Reasoning in the Real World

Module 1 built the toolkit: arguments, logic, fallacies, biases, and how to weigh evidence. This module takes that toolkit into the messiest environment there is — the modern information world, where most of what you read was written to be shared, not to be true.

You will learn to judge sources and expertise, read the news for what it leaves out, tell misinformation from disinformation, notice rhetoric and propaganda at work, understand why smart people fall for conspiracy theories, think more clearly inside algorithm-driven feeds, and — the hardest skill of all — steelman the other side and change your own mind when the evidence demands it.

Lessons
7 lessons
Estimated time
~6-8 hours
Assessment
Module quiz included

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Lessons

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Reasoning in the Real World — Module Assessment

14 questions · pass mark 75%

  1. 1.A Nobel laureate in physics publishes strong claims about human nutrition. How should you weigh this?
  2. 2.What does lateral reading involve, as documented by the Stanford History Education Group?
  3. 3.Two outlets report the same unemployment figure with opposite-sounding headlines, and neither states anything false. What best explains this?
  4. 4.Which of the following is an example of false balance?
  5. 5.What distinguishes disinformation from misinformation?
  6. 6.You want to check a suspicious website's credibility. What does lateral reading involve?
  7. 7.The illusory truth effect describes which tendency?
  8. 8.A campaign describes the same policy as a "proven, common-sense reform." Which technique is this, and what should you conclude?
  9. 9.What is the clearest sign that a belief has become conspiratorial rather than sceptical?
  10. 10.Which statement about the 'backfire effect' is most accurate?
  11. 11.What do most recommendation algorithms primarily optimise for?
  12. 12.Which statement best reflects the current evidence on filter bubbles?
  13. 13.What does it mean to steelman an argument?
  14. 14.What does the ideological Turing test measure?
Answer every question to submit.