Study guide
Scientific Thinking study guide
Science is far more than a collection of facts. It is a systematic way of asking questions about the world, gathering evidence, testing explanations, and refining knowledge over time.
- Modules
- 7 modules
- Lessons
- 48 lessons
- Estimated time
- ~10-14 hours
- Key terms
- 97 key terms
How to work through it
- 1. Follow the order below. The modules build on each other — start at the top and work down.
- 2. Recall before you re-read. After each lesson, try to explain the idea from memory, then check yourself with the flashcards.
- 3. Test at the end of each module. The quizzes below show what stuck and what to review.
Full lesson outline
Module 1. Foundations of Scientific Thinking
Module 2. Evaluating Scientific Evidence
Module 3. How Science Really Works
Module 4. Big Ideas in Science
Module 5. The Story of Science
Module 6. Science at the Frontier
Practise & review
- Glossary97 terms defined in plain language
- FlashcardsDrill the vocabulary with active recall
- Foundations of Scientific Thinking quiz11 questions, graded instantly
- Evaluating Scientific Evidence quiz12 questions, graded instantly
- How Science Really Works quiz14 questions, graded instantly
- Big Ideas in Science quiz14 questions, graded instantly
- The Story of Science quiz14 questions, graded instantly
- Science at the Frontier quiz14 questions, graded instantly
- Science and the Big Challenges quiz14 questions, graded instantly
Key terms
The vocabulary you’ll meet, each linked to its full definition in the glossary.
- Abiogenesis
- Accuracy
- Applied research
- Atom
- Base rate
- Basic reproduction number (R0)
- Basic research
- Big Bang
- Big science
- Blinding
- Bradford Hill considerations
- Calibrated confidence
- Causation
- Chaos theory
- Confounding variable
- Connectome
- Conservation of energy
- Control group
- Controlled variable
- Correlation
- Cosmic microwave background
- CRISPR
- Cumulative knowledge
- Dark matter
- Dependent variable
- DNA
- Effect size
- Element
- Emergence
- Empiricism
- Evidence-informed decision
- Evolution
- Extremophile
- Fact-value distinction
- False precision
- Falsifiability
- Gene
- Germ theory
- Greenhouse effect
- Hard problem of consciousness
- Heliocentrism
- Herd immunity
- Hype cycle
- Hypothesis
- Independent variable
- Inference
- Keeling curve
- Margin of error
- Measurement uncertainty
- Model
- Multiple comparisons
- n-of-1 experiment
- Natural philosophy
- Natural selection
- Null hypothesis
- Observation
- Observer bias
- Open question
- p-value
- Paradigm shift
- Peer community
- Peer review
- Placebo
- Practical significance
- Pre-registration
- Precautionary principle
- Precision
- Prediction
- Preprint
- Provisional knowledge
- Pseudoscience
- Publication bias
- Quantum entanglement
- Quantum superposition
- Random error
- Randomization
- Replication
- Responsible innovation
- Retraction
- Reverse causation
- Risky prediction
- Sampling bias
- Science
- Science literacy
- Scientific consensus
- Scientific law
- Scientific method
- Scientific misconduct
- Scientific Revolution
- Scientific society
- Simpson's paradox
- Statistical significance
- Systematic error
- Theory
- Theory of relativity
- Truncated axis
- Turing test